In 2018, German photovoltaic plants fed about 45.7 TWh into the public electricity grid, 16 percent more than in 2017. New photovoltaic installations of 3.2 GW increased the installed capacity to 45.5 GW (as of the end of November). On July 2, 2018 at 13:15, solar power production peaked at ca. 32 GW, corresponding to 39 percent of the total power production at this point in time. From April through August 2018, German photovoltaic plants generated more electricity per month than hard coal power plants.

Electricity from wind amounted to about 111 TWh in 2018, making it the second largest source of electricity after brown coal. In ten months of the year, wind electricity surpassed the electricity production from hard coal and nuclear. Wind power production peaked at ca. 45.9 GW on December 8 at 12:00. In 2018, onshore wind produced 87.4 TWh electricity, a growth of 2 TWh compared to 2017. Offshore wind increased its production from 17.4 TWh electricity in 2017 to over 18.8. TWh in 2018. The majority of the electricity from offshore wind, or 16.6 TWh, was generated in the North Sea.

Due to the extremely dry summer, hydro power contributed only 17 TWh to the electricity mix, the second lowest amount in 30 years. From May to December, the monthly electricity generation from hydropower was less than the previous year. At ca. 44.8 TWh, electricity from biomass was equivalent to the production in 2017.

In 2018, the total electricity production from all renewable sources was about 219 TWh, an increase of 4.3 percent compared to 2017. With this, renewables contributed over 40 percent to the public net electricity generation in Germany.

The electricity generated by nuclear plants was 72.1 TWh in 2018, approximately equivalent to 2017.

Brown coal power plants produced 131.3 TWh net electricity. This is ca. 2.7 TWh or 2 percent less than 2017. The brown coal power plants reacted more flexibly than in the past to the low prices on the electricity exchange and reduced its power to below 6 GW, e.g. on January 5 and December 12 in 2018. The curbing of production took place mainly during low or negative electricity prices on the exchange. Brown coal power plants still do not react flexibly to a high feed-in from renewables.

The 2018 net electricity production from hard coal power plants was 75.7 TWh, lower by 6 TWh, or 7.4 percent, than 2017 values.

Gas plants demonstrated the greatest decrease in production, contributing 40 TWh net electricity to the public power supply. This amount was less than the 2017 level by 9.1 TWh, or 18.5 percent. Gas plants for the manufacturing and mining industries additionally produced ca. 20 to 25 TWh for self-consumption in the industry.

In 2018, Germany’s export surplus (physical flows) was ca. 45.6 TWh, slightly lower than 2017 (52.5 TWh). The majority of the electricity was exported to Holland (19.2 TWh), who then transmitted it further to Belgium and Great Britain. Austria followed in second place (11.6 TWh), ahead of Switzerland (11.5 TWh) who principally acted as a transit country for Italy.

Germany imported 8.3 TWh of electricity from France, mainly transmitting it to neighboring countries. The average amount of exported power was c. 5.2 GW, the equivalent of four nuclear power plants. During 7730 hours (88 percent) of the year, electricity was exported by Germany, while during 1030 hours (12 percent) it was imported. In Germany’s electricity foreign trade balance from January to October, Germany had an export surplus of 52.8 TWh and revenues valuing 1.81 billion euros. On average, imported electricity cost 42.39 euros/MWh and exported electricity 38.60 euros/MWh respectively. The average volume-weighted day-ahead spot price of 43.26 euros/MWh was 30% above the 2017 value (32.89 euros/MWh).

The load was 508.5 TWh, an increase of 3.1 percent compared to 2017.

Data Sources and Information

This first version from January 1, 2019 considers all of the electricity data of the European Electricity Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig through December 31, 2018. The hourly energy values of the EEX were corrected using the available monthly data on electricity generation from the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) up to and including September 2018 and the monthly data for electricity import and export up to and including October 2018. For the rest of the months, the correction factors were estimated based on data from the past years. The extrapolated values are subject to larger tolerances.

Hourly updated data can be found in the Energy Charts: https://www.energy-charts.de